Research efforts directed toward the construction of a molecular computer will be described. Routes will be outlined starting from the synthesis of the basic building blocks such as wires, alligator clips, and diodes. We refer to these as “moleware” or molecular ware components. Following will be the assembly of the entire CPU possessing numerically more input/output combinations than all the atoms in the universe combined. Other potential directions to molecular based CPUs will be outlined wherein electrostatic potentials are uses as the information-carrying packets, thereby circumventing the heat dissipation problems that could arise in densely packed molecular electronic systems. Specific achievements include isolation of single molecules in self-assembled monolayers and addressing them with an STM probe, single molecule conductance measurements using a mechanically controllable break junction, 30 nm bundles of ~1000 molecules of precisely tailored molecular structures showing negative differential resistance with responses far exceeding silicon, and the assembly and testing of moleware on lithographically patterned chips.