Some helper functions
![[Graphics:Laplacegr2.gif]](Laplacegr2.gif)
![[Graphics:Laplacegr23.gif]](Laplacegr23.gif)
![[Graphics:Laplacegr24.gif]](Laplacegr24.gif)
![[Graphics:Laplacegr25.gif]](Laplacegr25.gif)
![[Graphics:Laplacegr26.gif]](Laplacegr26.gif)
![[Graphics:Laplacegr27.gif]](Laplacegr27.gif)
![[Graphics:Laplacegr28.gif]](Laplacegr28.gif)