export-to-postgresql.py

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# export-to-postgresql.py: export perf data to a postgresql database
# Copyright (c) 2014, Intel Corporation.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License,
# version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
# more details.

import os
import sys
import struct
import datetime

# To use this script you will need to have installed package python-pyside which
# provides LGPL-licensed Python bindings for Qt.  You will also need the package
# libqt4-sql-psql for Qt postgresql support.
#
# The script assumes postgresql is running on the local machine and that the
# user has postgresql permissions to create databases. Examples of installing
# postgresql and adding such a user are:
#
# fedora:
#
#   $ sudo yum install postgresql postgresql-server python-pyside qt-postgresql
#   $ sudo su - postgres -c initdb
#   $ sudo service postgresql start
#   $ sudo su - postgres
#   $ createuser <your user id here>
#   Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) y
#
# ubuntu:
#
#   $ sudo apt-get install postgresql python-pyside.qtsql libqt4-sql-psql
#   $ sudo su - postgres
#   $ createuser -s <your user id here>
#
# An example of using this script with Intel PT:
#
#   $ perf record -e intel_pt//u ls
#   $ perf script -s ~/libexec/perf-core/scripts/python/export-to-postgresql.py pt_example branches calls
#   2015-05-29 12:49:23.464364 Creating database...
#   2015-05-29 12:49:26.281717 Writing to intermediate files...
#   2015-05-29 12:49:27.190383 Copying to database...
#   2015-05-29 12:49:28.140451 Removing intermediate files...
#   2015-05-29 12:49:28.147451 Adding primary keys
#   2015-05-29 12:49:28.655683 Adding foreign keys
#   2015-05-29 12:49:29.365350 Done
#
# To browse the database, psql can be used e.g.
#
#   $ psql pt_example
#   pt_example=# select * from samples_view where id < 100;
#   pt_example=# \d+
#   pt_example=# \d+ samples_view
#   pt_example=# \q
#
# An example of using the database is provided by the script
# call-graph-from-sql.py.  Refer to that script for details.
#
# Tables:
#
#   The tables largely correspond to perf tools' data structures.  They are largely self-explanatory.
#
#   samples
#
#       'samples' is the main table. It represents what instruction was executing at a point in time
#       when something (a selected event) happened.  The memory address is the instruction pointer or 'ip'.
#
#   calls
#
#       'calls' represents function calls and is related to 'samples' by 'call_id' and 'return_id'.
#       'calls' is only created when the 'calls' option to this script is specified.
#
#   call_paths
#
#       'call_paths' represents all the call stacks.  Each 'call' has an associated record in 'call_paths'.
#       'calls_paths' is only created when the 'calls' option to this script is specified.
#
#   branch_types
#
#       'branch_types' provides descriptions for each type of branch.
#
#   comm_threads
#
#       'comm_threads' shows how 'comms' relates to 'threads'.
#
#   comms
#
#       'comms' contains a record for each 'comm' - the name given to the executable that is running.
#
#   dsos
#
#       'dsos' contains a record for each executable file or library.
#
#   machines
#
#       'machines' can be used to distinguish virtual machines if virtualization is supported.
#
#   selected_events
#
#       'selected_events' contains a record for each kind of event that has been sampled.
#
#   symbols
#
#       'symbols' contains a record for each symbol.  Only symbols that have samples are present.
#
#   threads
#
#       'threads' contains a record for each thread.
#
# Views:
#
#   Most of the tables have views for more friendly display.  The views are:
#
#       calls_view
#       call_paths_view
#       comm_threads_view
#       dsos_view
#       machines_view
#       samples_view
#       symbols_view
#       threads_view
#
# More examples of browsing the database with psql:
#   Note that some of the examples are not the most optimal SQL query.
#   Note that call information is only available if the script's 'calls' option has been used.
#
#   Top 10 function calls (not aggregated by symbol):
#
#       SELECT * FROM calls_view ORDER BY elapsed_time DESC LIMIT 10;
#
#   Top 10 function calls (aggregated by symbol):
#
#       SELECT symbol_id,(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = symbol_id) AS symbol,
#           SUM(elapsed_time) AS tot_elapsed_time,SUM(branch_count) AS tot_branch_count
#           FROM calls_view GROUP BY symbol_id ORDER BY tot_elapsed_time DESC LIMIT 10;
#
#       Note that the branch count gives a rough estimation of cpu usage, so functions
#       that took a long time but have a relatively low branch count must have spent time
#       waiting.
#
#   Find symbols by pattern matching on part of the name (e.g. names containing 'alloc'):
#
#       SELECT * FROM symbols_view WHERE name LIKE '%alloc%';
#
#   Top 10 function calls for a specific symbol (e.g. whose symbol_id is 187):
#
#       SELECT * FROM calls_view WHERE symbol_id = 187 ORDER BY elapsed_time DESC LIMIT 10;
#
#   Show function calls made by function in the same context (i.e. same call path) (e.g. one with call_path_id 254):
#
#       SELECT * FROM calls_view WHERE parent_call_path_id = 254;
#
#   Show branches made during a function call (e.g. where call_id is 29357 and return_id is 29370 and tid is 29670)
#
#       SELECT * FROM samples_view WHERE id >= 29357 AND id <= 29370 AND tid = 29670 AND event LIKE 'branches%';
#
#   Show transactions:
#
#       SELECT * FROM samples_view WHERE event = 'transactions';
#
#       Note transaction start has 'in_tx' true whereas, transaction end has 'in_tx' false.
#       Transaction aborts have branch_type_name 'transaction abort'
#
#   Show transaction aborts:
#
#       SELECT * FROM samples_view WHERE event = 'transactions' AND branch_type_name = 'transaction abort';
#
# To print a call stack requires walking the call_paths table.  For example this python script:
#   #!/usr/bin/python2
#
#   import sys
#   from PySide.QtSql import *
#
#   if __name__ == '__main__':
#           if (len(sys.argv) < 3):
#                   print >> sys.stderr, "Usage is: printcallstack.py <database name> <call_path_id>"
#                   raise Exception("Too few arguments")
#           dbname = sys.argv[1]
#           call_path_id = sys.argv[2]
#           db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase('QPSQL')
#           db.setDatabaseName(dbname)
#           if not db.open():
#                   raise Exception("Failed to open database " + dbname + " error: " + db.lastError().text())
#           query = QSqlQuery(db)
#           print "    id          ip  symbol_id  symbol                          dso_id  dso_short_name"
#           while call_path_id != 0 and call_path_id != 1:
#                   ret = query.exec_('SELECT * FROM call_paths_view WHERE id = ' + str(call_path_id))
#                   if not ret:
#                           raise Exception("Query failed: " + query.lastError().text())
#                   if not query.next():
#                           raise Exception("Query failed")
#                   print "{0:>6}  {1:>10}  {2:>9}  {3:<30}  {4:>6}  {5:<30}".format(query.value(0), query.value(1), query.value(2), query.value(3), query.value(4), query.value(5))
#                   call_path_id = query.value(6)

from PySide.QtSql import *

# Need to access PostgreSQL C library directly to use COPY FROM STDIN
from ctypes import *
libpq = CDLL("libpq.so.5")
PQconnectdb = libpq.PQconnectdb
PQconnectdb.restype = c_void_p
PQfinish = libpq.PQfinish
PQstatus = libpq.PQstatus
PQexec = libpq.PQexec
PQexec.restype = c_void_p
PQresultStatus = libpq.PQresultStatus
PQputCopyData = libpq.PQputCopyData
PQputCopyData.argtypes = [ c_void_p, c_void_p, c_int ]
PQputCopyEnd = libpq.PQputCopyEnd
PQputCopyEnd.argtypes = [ c_void_p, c_void_p ]

sys.path.append(os.environ['PERF_EXEC_PATH'] + \
    '/scripts/python/Perf-Trace-Util/lib/Perf/Trace')

# These perf imports are not used at present
#from perf_trace_context import *
#from Core import *

perf_db_export_mode = True
perf_db_export_calls = False
perf_db_export_callchains = False


def usage():
    print >> sys.stderr, "Usage is: export-to-postgresql.py <database name> [<columns>] [<calls>] [<callchains>]"
    print >> sys.stderr, "where:    columns     'all' or 'branches'"
    print >> sys.stderr, "      calls       'calls' => create calls and call_paths table"
    print >> sys.stderr, "      callchains  'callchains' => create call_paths table"
    raise Exception("Too few arguments")

if (len(sys.argv) < 2):
    usage()

dbname = sys.argv[1]

if (len(sys.argv) >= 3):
    columns = sys.argv[2]
else:
    columns = "all"

if columns not in ("all", "branches"):
    usage()

branches = (columns == "branches")

for i in range(3,len(sys.argv)):
    if (sys.argv[i] == "calls"):
        perf_db_export_calls = True
    elif (sys.argv[i] == "callchains"):
        perf_db_export_callchains = True
    else:
        usage()

output_dir_name = os.getcwd() + "/" + dbname + "-perf-data"
os.mkdir(output_dir_name)

def do_query(q, s):
    if (q.exec_(s)):
        return
    raise Exception("Query failed: " + q.lastError().text())

print datetime.datetime.today(), "Creating database..."

db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase('QPSQL')
query = QSqlQuery(db)
db.setDatabaseName('postgres')
db.open()
try:
    do_query(query, 'CREATE DATABASE ' + dbname)
except:
    os.rmdir(output_dir_name)
    raise
query.finish()
query.clear()
db.close()

db.setDatabaseName(dbname)
db.open()

query = QSqlQuery(db)
do_query(query, 'SET client_min_messages TO WARNING')

do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE selected_events ('
        'id     bigint      NOT NULL,'
        'name       varchar(80))')
do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE machines ('
        'id     bigint      NOT NULL,'
        'pid        integer,'
        'root_dir   varchar(4096))')
do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE threads ('
        'id     bigint      NOT NULL,'
        'machine_id bigint,'
        'process_id bigint,'
        'pid        integer,'
        'tid        integer)')
do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE comms ('
        'id     bigint      NOT NULL,'
        'comm       varchar(16))')
do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE comm_threads ('
        'id     bigint      NOT NULL,'
        'comm_id    bigint,'
        'thread_id  bigint)')
do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE dsos ('
        'id     bigint      NOT NULL,'
        'machine_id bigint,'
        'short_name varchar(256),'
        'long_name  varchar(4096),'
        'build_id   varchar(64))')
do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE symbols ('
        'id     bigint      NOT NULL,'
        'dso_id     bigint,'
        'sym_start  bigint,'
        'sym_end    bigint,'
        'binding    integer,'
        'name       varchar(2048))')
do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE branch_types ('
        'id     integer     NOT NULL,'
        'name       varchar(80))')

if branches:
    do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE samples ('
        'id     bigint      NOT NULL,'
        'evsel_id   bigint,'
        'machine_id bigint,'
        'thread_id  bigint,'
        'comm_id    bigint,'
        'dso_id     bigint,'
        'symbol_id  bigint,'
        'sym_offset bigint,'
        'ip     bigint,'
        'time       bigint,'
        'cpu        integer,'
        'to_dso_id  bigint,'
        'to_symbol_id   bigint,'
        'to_sym_offset  bigint,'
        'to_ip      bigint,'
        'branch_type    integer,'
        'in_tx      boolean,'
        'call_path_id   bigint)')
else:
    do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE samples ('
        'id     bigint      NOT NULL,'
        'evsel_id   bigint,'
        'machine_id bigint,'
        'thread_id  bigint,'
        'comm_id    bigint,'
        'dso_id     bigint,'
        'symbol_id  bigint,'
        'sym_offset bigint,'
        'ip     bigint,'
        'time       bigint,'
        'cpu        integer,'
        'to_dso_id  bigint,'
        'to_symbol_id   bigint,'
        'to_sym_offset  bigint,'
        'to_ip      bigint,'
        'period     bigint,'
        'weight     bigint,'
        'transaction    bigint,'
        'data_src   bigint,'
        'branch_type    integer,'
        'in_tx      boolean,'
        'call_path_id   bigint)')

if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:
    do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE call_paths ('
        'id     bigint      NOT NULL,'
        'parent_id  bigint,'
        'symbol_id  bigint,'
        'ip     bigint)')
if perf_db_export_calls:
    do_query(query, 'CREATE TABLE calls ('
        'id     bigint      NOT NULL,'
        'thread_id  bigint,'
        'comm_id    bigint,'
        'call_path_id   bigint,'
        'call_time  bigint,'
        'return_time    bigint,'
        'branch_count   bigint,'
        'call_id    bigint,'
        'return_id  bigint,'
        'parent_call_path_id    bigint,'
        'flags      integer)')

do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW machines_view AS '
    'SELECT '
        'id,'
        'pid,'
        'root_dir,'
        'CASE WHEN id=0 THEN \'unknown\' WHEN pid=-1 THEN \'host\' ELSE \'guest\' END AS host_or_guest'
    ' FROM machines')

do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW dsos_view AS '
    'SELECT '
        'id,'
        'machine_id,'
        '(SELECT host_or_guest FROM machines_view WHERE id = machine_id) AS host_or_guest,'
        'short_name,'
        'long_name,'
        'build_id'
    ' FROM dsos')

do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW symbols_view AS '
    'SELECT '
        'id,'
        'name,'
        '(SELECT short_name FROM dsos WHERE id=dso_id) AS dso,'
        'dso_id,'
        'sym_start,'
        'sym_end,'
        'CASE WHEN binding=0 THEN \'local\' WHEN binding=1 THEN \'global\' ELSE \'weak\' END AS binding'
    ' FROM symbols')

do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW threads_view AS '
    'SELECT '
        'id,'
        'machine_id,'
        '(SELECT host_or_guest FROM machines_view WHERE id = machine_id) AS host_or_guest,'
        'process_id,'
        'pid,'
        'tid'
    ' FROM threads')

do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW comm_threads_view AS '
    'SELECT '
        'comm_id,'
        '(SELECT comm FROM comms WHERE id = comm_id) AS command,'
        'thread_id,'
        '(SELECT pid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS pid,'
        '(SELECT tid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS tid'
    ' FROM comm_threads')

if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:
    do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW call_paths_view AS '
        'SELECT '
            'c.id,'
            'to_hex(c.ip) AS ip,'
            'c.symbol_id,'
            '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = c.symbol_id) AS symbol,'
            '(SELECT dso_id FROM symbols WHERE id = c.symbol_id) AS dso_id,'
            '(SELECT dso FROM symbols_view  WHERE id = c.symbol_id) AS dso_short_name,'
            'c.parent_id,'
            'to_hex(p.ip) AS parent_ip,'
            'p.symbol_id AS parent_symbol_id,'
            '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = p.symbol_id) AS parent_symbol,'
            '(SELECT dso_id FROM symbols WHERE id = p.symbol_id) AS parent_dso_id,'
            '(SELECT dso FROM symbols_view  WHERE id = p.symbol_id) AS parent_dso_short_name'
        ' FROM call_paths c INNER JOIN call_paths p ON p.id = c.parent_id')
if perf_db_export_calls:
    do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW calls_view AS '
        'SELECT '
            'calls.id,'
            'thread_id,'
            '(SELECT pid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS pid,'
            '(SELECT tid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS tid,'
            '(SELECT comm FROM comms WHERE id = comm_id) AS command,'
            'call_path_id,'
            'to_hex(ip) AS ip,'
            'symbol_id,'
            '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = symbol_id) AS symbol,'
            'call_time,'
            'return_time,'
            'return_time - call_time AS elapsed_time,'
            'branch_count,'
            'call_id,'
            'return_id,'
            'CASE WHEN flags=1 THEN \'no call\' WHEN flags=2 THEN \'no return\' WHEN flags=3 THEN \'no call/return\' ELSE \'\' END AS flags,'
            'parent_call_path_id'
        ' FROM calls INNER JOIN call_paths ON call_paths.id = call_path_id')

do_query(query, 'CREATE VIEW samples_view AS '
    'SELECT '
        'id,'
        'time,'
        'cpu,'
        '(SELECT pid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS pid,'
        '(SELECT tid FROM threads WHERE id = thread_id) AS tid,'
        '(SELECT comm FROM comms WHERE id = comm_id) AS command,'
        '(SELECT name FROM selected_events WHERE id = evsel_id) AS event,'
        'to_hex(ip) AS ip_hex,'
        '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = symbol_id) AS symbol,'
        'sym_offset,'
        '(SELECT short_name FROM dsos WHERE id = dso_id) AS dso_short_name,'
        'to_hex(to_ip) AS to_ip_hex,'
        '(SELECT name FROM symbols WHERE id = to_symbol_id) AS to_symbol,'
        'to_sym_offset,'
        '(SELECT short_name FROM dsos WHERE id = to_dso_id) AS to_dso_short_name,'
        '(SELECT name FROM branch_types WHERE id = branch_type) AS branch_type_name,'
        'in_tx'
    ' FROM samples')


file_header = struct.pack("!11sii", "PGCOPY\n\377\r\n\0", 0, 0)
file_trailer = "\377\377"

def open_output_file(file_name):
    path_name = output_dir_name + "/" + file_name
    file = open(path_name, "w+")
    file.write(file_header)
    return file

def close_output_file(file):
    file.write(file_trailer)
    file.close()

def copy_output_file_direct(file, table_name):
    close_output_file(file)
    sql = "COPY " + table_name + " FROM '" + file.name + "' (FORMAT 'binary')"
    do_query(query, sql)

# Use COPY FROM STDIN because security may prevent postgres from accessing the files directly
def copy_output_file(file, table_name):
    conn = PQconnectdb("dbname = " + dbname)
    if (PQstatus(conn)):
        raise Exception("COPY FROM STDIN PQconnectdb failed")
    file.write(file_trailer)
    file.seek(0)
    sql = "COPY " + table_name + " FROM STDIN (FORMAT 'binary')"
    res = PQexec(conn, sql)
    if (PQresultStatus(res) != 4):
        raise Exception("COPY FROM STDIN PQexec failed")
    data = file.read(65536)
    while (len(data)):
        ret = PQputCopyData(conn, data, len(data))
        if (ret != 1):
            raise Exception("COPY FROM STDIN PQputCopyData failed, error " + str(ret))
        data = file.read(65536)
    ret = PQputCopyEnd(conn, None)
    if (ret != 1):
        raise Exception("COPY FROM STDIN PQputCopyEnd failed, error " + str(ret))
    PQfinish(conn)

def remove_output_file(file):
    name = file.name
    file.close()
    os.unlink(name)

evsel_file      = open_output_file("evsel_table.bin")
machine_file        = open_output_file("machine_table.bin")
thread_file     = open_output_file("thread_table.bin")
comm_file       = open_output_file("comm_table.bin")
comm_thread_file    = open_output_file("comm_thread_table.bin")
dso_file        = open_output_file("dso_table.bin")
symbol_file     = open_output_file("symbol_table.bin")
branch_type_file    = open_output_file("branch_type_table.bin")
sample_file     = open_output_file("sample_table.bin")
if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:
    call_path_file      = open_output_file("call_path_table.bin")
if perf_db_export_calls:
    call_file       = open_output_file("call_table.bin")

def trace_begin():
    print datetime.datetime.today(), "Writing to intermediate files..."
    # id == 0 means unknown.  It is easier to create records for them than replace the zeroes with NULLs
    evsel_table(0, "unknown")
    machine_table(0, 0, "unknown")
    thread_table(0, 0, 0, -1, -1)
    comm_table(0, "unknown")
    dso_table(0, 0, "unknown", "unknown", "")
    symbol_table(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "unknown")
    sample_table(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
    if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:
        call_path_table(0, 0, 0, 0)

unhandled_count = 0

def trace_end():
    print datetime.datetime.today(), "Copying to database..."
    copy_output_file(evsel_file,        "selected_events")
    copy_output_file(machine_file,      "machines")
    copy_output_file(thread_file,       "threads")
    copy_output_file(comm_file,     "comms")
    copy_output_file(comm_thread_file,  "comm_threads")
    copy_output_file(dso_file,      "dsos")
    copy_output_file(symbol_file,       "symbols")
    copy_output_file(branch_type_file,  "branch_types")
    copy_output_file(sample_file,       "samples")
    if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:
        copy_output_file(call_path_file,    "call_paths")
    if perf_db_export_calls:
        copy_output_file(call_file,     "calls")

    print datetime.datetime.today(), "Removing intermediate files..."
    remove_output_file(evsel_file)
    remove_output_file(machine_file)
    remove_output_file(thread_file)
    remove_output_file(comm_file)
    remove_output_file(comm_thread_file)
    remove_output_file(dso_file)
    remove_output_file(symbol_file)
    remove_output_file(branch_type_file)
    remove_output_file(sample_file)
    if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:
        remove_output_file(call_path_file)
    if perf_db_export_calls:
        remove_output_file(call_file)
    os.rmdir(output_dir_name)
    print datetime.datetime.today(), "Adding primary keys"
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE selected_events ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE machines        ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE threads         ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE comms           ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE comm_threads    ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE dsos            ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE symbols         ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE branch_types    ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE samples         ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')
    if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:
        do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE call_paths      ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')
    if perf_db_export_calls:
        do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE calls           ADD PRIMARY KEY (id)')

    print datetime.datetime.today(), "Adding foreign keys"
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE threads '
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT machinefk  FOREIGN KEY (machine_id)   REFERENCES machines   (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT processfk  FOREIGN KEY (process_id)   REFERENCES threads    (id)')
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE comm_threads '
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT commfk     FOREIGN KEY (comm_id)      REFERENCES comms      (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT threadfk   FOREIGN KEY (thread_id)    REFERENCES threads    (id)')
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE dsos '
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT machinefk  FOREIGN KEY (machine_id)   REFERENCES machines   (id)')
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE symbols '
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT dsofk      FOREIGN KEY (dso_id)       REFERENCES dsos       (id)')
    do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE samples '
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT evselfk    FOREIGN KEY (evsel_id)     REFERENCES selected_events (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT machinefk  FOREIGN KEY (machine_id)   REFERENCES machines   (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT threadfk   FOREIGN KEY (thread_id)    REFERENCES threads    (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT commfk     FOREIGN KEY (comm_id)      REFERENCES comms      (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT dsofk      FOREIGN KEY (dso_id)       REFERENCES dsos       (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT symbolfk   FOREIGN KEY (symbol_id)    REFERENCES symbols    (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT todsofk    FOREIGN KEY (to_dso_id)    REFERENCES dsos       (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT tosymbolfk FOREIGN KEY (to_symbol_id) REFERENCES symbols    (id)')
    if perf_db_export_calls or perf_db_export_callchains:
        do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE call_paths '
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT parentfk    FOREIGN KEY (parent_id)    REFERENCES call_paths (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT symbolfk    FOREIGN KEY (symbol_id)    REFERENCES symbols    (id)')
    if perf_db_export_calls:
        do_query(query, 'ALTER TABLE calls '
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT threadfk    FOREIGN KEY (thread_id)    REFERENCES threads    (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT commfk      FOREIGN KEY (comm_id)      REFERENCES comms      (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT call_pathfk FOREIGN KEY (call_path_id) REFERENCES call_paths (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT callfk      FOREIGN KEY (call_id)      REFERENCES samples    (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT returnfk    FOREIGN KEY (return_id)    REFERENCES samples    (id),'
                    'ADD CONSTRAINT parent_call_pathfk FOREIGN KEY (parent_call_path_id) REFERENCES call_paths (id)')
        do_query(query, 'CREATE INDEX pcpid_idx ON calls (parent_call_path_id)')

    if (unhandled_count):
        print datetime.datetime.today(), "Warning: ", unhandled_count, " unhandled events"
    print datetime.datetime.today(), "Done"

def trace_unhandled(event_name, context, event_fields_dict):
    global unhandled_count
    unhandled_count += 1

def sched__sched_switch(*x):
    pass

def evsel_table(evsel_id, evsel_name, *x):
    n = len(evsel_name)
    fmt = "!hiqi" + str(n) + "s"
    value = struct.pack(fmt, 2, 8, evsel_id, n, evsel_name)
    evsel_file.write(value)

def machine_table(machine_id, pid, root_dir, *x):
    n = len(root_dir)
    fmt = "!hiqiii" + str(n) + "s"
    value = struct.pack(fmt, 3, 8, machine_id, 4, pid, n, root_dir)
    machine_file.write(value)

def thread_table(thread_id, machine_id, process_id, pid, tid, *x):
    value = struct.pack("!hiqiqiqiiii", 5, 8, thread_id, 8, machine_id, 8, process_id, 4, pid, 4, tid)
    thread_file.write(value)

def comm_table(comm_id, comm_str, *x):
    n = len(comm_str)
    fmt = "!hiqi" + str(n) + "s"
    value = struct.pack(fmt, 2, 8, comm_id, n, comm_str)
    comm_file.write(value)

def comm_thread_table(comm_thread_id, comm_id, thread_id, *x):
    fmt = "!hiqiqiq"
    value = struct.pack(fmt, 3, 8, comm_thread_id, 8, comm_id, 8, thread_id)
    comm_thread_file.write(value)

def dso_table(dso_id, machine_id, short_name, long_name, build_id, *x):
    n1 = len(short_name)
    n2 = len(long_name)
    n3 = len(build_id)
    fmt = "!hiqiqi" + str(n1) + "si"  + str(n2) + "si" + str(n3) + "s"
    value = struct.pack(fmt, 5, 8, dso_id, 8, machine_id, n1, short_name, n2, long_name, n3, build_id)
    dso_file.write(value)

def symbol_table(symbol_id, dso_id, sym_start, sym_end, binding, symbol_name, *x):
    n = len(symbol_name)
    fmt = "!hiqiqiqiqiii" + str(n) + "s"
    value = struct.pack(fmt, 6, 8, symbol_id, 8, dso_id, 8, sym_start, 8, sym_end, 4, binding, n, symbol_name)
    symbol_file.write(value)

def branch_type_table(branch_type, name, *x):
    n = len(name)
    fmt = "!hiii" + str(n) + "s"
    value = struct.pack(fmt, 2, 4, branch_type, n, name)
    branch_type_file.write(value)

def sample_table(sample_id, evsel_id, machine_id, thread_id, comm_id, dso_id, symbol_id, sym_offset, ip, time, cpu, to_dso_id, to_symbol_id, to_sym_offset, to_ip, period, weight, transaction, data_src, branch_type, in_tx, call_path_id, *x):
    if branches:
        value = struct.pack("!hiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiiiqiqiqiqiiiBiq", 18, 8, sample_id, 8, evsel_id, 8, machine_id, 8, thread_id, 8, comm_id, 8, dso_id, 8, symbol_id, 8, sym_offset, 8, ip, 8, time, 4, cpu, 8, to_dso_id, 8, to_symbol_id, 8, to_sym_offset, 8, to_ip, 4, branch_type, 1, in_tx, 8, call_path_id)
    else:
        value = struct.pack("!hiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiiiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiiiBiq", 22, 8, sample_id, 8, evsel_id, 8, machine_id, 8, thread_id, 8, comm_id, 8, dso_id, 8, symbol_id, 8, sym_offset, 8, ip, 8, time, 4, cpu, 8, to_dso_id, 8, to_symbol_id, 8, to_sym_offset, 8, to_ip, 8, period, 8, weight, 8, transaction, 8, data_src, 4, branch_type, 1, in_tx, 8, call_path_id)
    sample_file.write(value)

def call_path_table(cp_id, parent_id, symbol_id, ip, *x):
    fmt = "!hiqiqiqiq"
    value = struct.pack(fmt, 4, 8, cp_id, 8, parent_id, 8, symbol_id, 8, ip)
    call_path_file.write(value)

def call_return_table(cr_id, thread_id, comm_id, call_path_id, call_time, return_time, branch_count, call_id, return_id, parent_call_path_id, flags, *x):
    fmt = "!hiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqiqii"
    value = struct.pack(fmt, 11, 8, cr_id, 8, thread_id, 8, comm_id, 8, call_path_id, 8, call_time, 8, return_time, 8, branch_count, 8, call_id, 8, return_id, 8, parent_call_path_id, 4, flags)
    call_file.write(value)